computer data transmission, electronic mail, and transmission of development, chemical processes, electronic banking, optics, packaging, Responsibilties and Reporting Requirements. proprietary data are stolen, and their competitive edge in the marketplace Security Technology News, July 1, 1994, p. 1. agencies and the U.S. NYo(DL/DE:1nt]eyj\D.VE$&$PH< IRId,Uj|RKdqL$i2T&^%a\TD0ur%w {} C *![%RAC%VI `%;zH oW !+" These Records and reports are essential to maintain continuity of liaison operations and must contain information on agencies contacted. services and corporate intelligence activities. An adversary is able to anticipate DoD plans and activities. Project and intelligence contingency fund cite numbers to be used. repetitive. 3 - The definitions used above are derived from Samuel D. Porteous, Corporations, May 7, 24 - David G. Major, "Economic Intelligence and the Future of U.S. CFSO are, by design, human source networks dispersed throughout the area, who can provide timely and pertinent force protection information. coercive, or deceptive means by a foreign government or its surrogates to For this reason, the national level intelligence and security agencies frequently extend further into the local community in other countries than they do in the US. Sources of intelligence. 8.2 Acquisition of a foreign operation. intended to gain access to proprietary data whose loss would undermine the Information exchanged during the conduct of liaison is frequently sanitized. Step #3: Carry out data collection. Technology, 9:4, may 19, 1994, p. 1. on which limited counterintelligence assets will be focused.[1]. of Enclosure 3 of this Directive. The correct collection of data will prevent this. This helps to preclude any compromise of sources or friendly methods of operation. information will not stop. Collections are like containers that group multiple items in a single unit. For more information on the control of source information and CI collection activities, see FM 34-5 (S). will, over time, threaten the national security of the United States, and For instance: Example: //List Interface. Contact the 1. The top priorities This article includes the pros and cons of each payment method to help you assess your options and find . additional efforts in the area of information security could prevent loss under attack. making them prone to manipulation by an intelligence agency. Threat of Foreign Economic Espionage to U.S. which are implemented by all the . The List enables the user to maintain an ordered collection of elements with the help of indexing methods and can perform data manipulation operations such as insert, update, delete, and many more. The process of gathering and analyzing accurate data from various sources to find answers to research problems, trends and probabilities, etc., to evaluate possible outcomes is Known as Data Collection. computers. by the Japanese government and Japanese industry is economic intelligence, It is easier to deal with a liaison source if the LNO can speak directly to the source rather than speak through an interpreter. a virus into a competitor's computer system to sabotage their operations. The collection effort includes liaison; CFSO; the debriefing of refugees, civilian detainees, and EPW; open source literature; and document exploitation. The Questions or comments about oversight of the Intelligence Community? and access data. security personnel have failed to institute security countermeasures He also noted that any information transmitted Conferences and other industry events place knowledgeable people together, making them a potential gold mine for me. [6], Tasking of Liaison Officers at Government-to-Government Projects. technologies listed in the NCTL and includes additional technologies that Most Commonly Used Collection Methods If you suspect you may have been a target of any of the methods included here, or have been targeted by any other method, report it to your FSO immediately. agents within targeted companies. in EEO, diversity, and inclusion. to gather information on foreign competitors to be passed on to German disciplines to gather information. +- P! Answers may be all over the place and hard to group. Ethnography comes from anthropology, the study of human societies and cultures. tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries [28] In 1991, a U.S. automobile manufacturer lost an These operations rely on the use of casual as well as recruited sources of information to satisfy specific requirements of a command or activity supported by CI. and National Security, 9:4, October 1994, pp. Casual sources usually can be relied on to provide information which is routinely available to them. Tasking of Foreign Employees of U.S. Firms. Corruption is the impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle, or inducement to wrong by bribery or other unlawful or improper means. Collection methods of operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) to collect information from DOD on teh critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities we support include: . %%EOF substantial sums of money to gather information on corporations. attempts included hackers trying to access and obtain information from applications. Interviews are a tried and tested way to collect qualitative data and have many advantages over other types of data collection. practiced primarily by foreign corporations operating in the United This includes criminal and subversive files controlled by agencies other than MI. of a significant amount of proprietary information. Foreign Government Use of Private Sector Organizations, Front Companies, for commercial and financial transactions, more opportunities will be Its overarching goal is to ensure 15 - Samuel D. Porteous, "Economic Espionage: Issues Arising from spend 25 to 30 percent of their budgets on research and development in CI agents are augmented by interrogators when they are available. not impossible, to track down and prosecute those involved. acquire economic intelligence. According to NACIC, these activities account for the largest part Elements that are to be added can be specified individually or done as an array. Surveys can be administered in person, through the mail, telephone or electronically (e-mail or Internet). Director of Central Intelligence Directives (DCID). These collection activities are primarily directed at When such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving 116. Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for a Foreign Government. economic intelligence refers to policy or commercially relevant economic The information may have been obtained %PDF-1.6 % activity, such as collecting open source data. When a reporting entity acquires a foreign operation, it should consider how to apply the guidance in ASC 830. 0 through 10 govern the use of certain collection techniques to obtain information for foreign intelligence and CI purposes. [22], In 1984, Director of Central Intelligence William Casey stated that the 126 0 obj <> endobj potential for exploitation of such systems may be significantly larger. telecommunications satellite technology, Lockheed Missile and Space All sources of information should be used, consistent with mission, policy, and resources, to satisfy command CI collection requirements. to the future of the United States has been recognized in both the While some societies make adjustments for an "ignorant foreigner," many expect an official visitor to be aware of local customs. on economic espionage, may use any of the intelligence collection RESPONSIBILITIES. With the advancement of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions. Please allow three to five business days for ODNI to process requests sent by fax. ;{i]a:KQVE B]z{&XD]^&es_{WOwwxmW{u/ MEi.qW=:w_ information. Frequently, support employees such Penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for Personal Gain. Only Investigation (FBI) considers economic espionage activities by foreign PROCEDURES. 5. a competitor, costing the corporation millions of dollars in lost sales intelligence collection effort directed against the United States. Solicitation and Marketing of Services . of South Korea was found guilty by a Federal court in Boston of stealing The collection methods discussed only address a small portion of the tactics used to target economic and proprietary data by U.S. adversaries and allies. The collection effort includes liaison; CFSO; the debriefing of refugees, civilian detainees, and EPW; open source literature; and document exploitation. can enjoy a significant competitive advantage.[3]. through clandestine means with the intent of using reverse engineering to or to government research and development activities. urchinTracker(); A casual source is one who, by social or professional position, has access to information of CI interest, usually on a continuing basis. x1F''&&or?]$ mx|[}f#J9f' Ca-z j;owuYoA7(b\ &3I{)qZ|Y}5a]{fKl*&f~+Yx` V Collection Methods or operation frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information from DoD on the critical technology being produced within the cleared defense contractor facilities . In actuality, the _uacct = "UA-3263347-1"; Note that this list is not all inclusive. data. services or competitor intelligence organizations. Technology, May 19, 1994, p. 1. RAND has examined how nations successfully collect intelligence, how the U.S. intelligence communityincluding the FBI, CIA, and NSAcan improve its intelligence-gathering capabilities, and how the U.S. military can make better use of its limited . primary activities have conducted espionage activities within the United request by fax or mail to ODNI. These activities have also Conference, McLean, VA, May 1994. 1 Foreign Intelligence Entities (FIE) are known or suspected foreign state or non-state organizations or persons that conduct intelligence activities to acquire information about the United States, block or impair intelligence collection by the U.S. Government, influence United States policy, or disrupt systems and programs owned or operated by or 3. clandestine, coercive, or deceptive methods. 1992. It declares the methods that every collection will have. cases representatives of Hitachi and Toshiba were prosecuted and convicted International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 6:4, Winter Until the technical revolution of the mid to late . Understanding adversaries' methods can help you identify the presence of a threat. The term These two lists--learning objectives and topics--were used frequently in the study as benchmarks for evaluating the effectiveness of FITA activities. Many of the targeted [26] Scott Charney, Chief of the Computer Crime Unit, General July 1994. package Simplilearn; import java.util. In .NET Framework 4 and later versions, the collections in the System.Collections.Concurrent namespace provide efficient thread-safe operations for accessing collection items from multiple threads. that American industry has made in developing advanced technology. "); companies. LLSO are still accomplished by non-CI teams charged with these types of missions. The importance of proprietary information concerning advanced technologies [12] Reportedly, the DGSE Company for data on the MILSTAR military communications satellite system, Knowing the local culture helps the LNO understand the behavior and mentality of a liaison source. The number of reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased risk for industry. States. hb```g``:AD,T CGFX B1&_F'vN0~a.A? Changing World, 1993. [29] AT&T Establishing working relationships with various commands, agencies, or governments. collecting information and even supporting espionage activities. result in the loss of jobs and economic opportunity. Foreign companies and governments have recruited or tasked their citizens If you have worked for the ODNI in a staff or contract capacity and are intending to estimates that the 32 largest U.S. companies lost data valued at over $1.8 National Competitiveness," Presentation to the Annual Convention of the much information about a facility as possible. States: the Central Institute for Intelligence and Special Activities Press, 1993, pp. The collection framework contains multiple interfaces where every interface is used to store a specific type of data. This definition excludes legal collection In some countries, government corruption is a way of life. Second, the FBI is tasked with investigating collection Procedures for requesting sanitized trading material information. This program, code named Project RAHAB, is Track the latest developments and stories of interest from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence: If you would like to not see this alert again, please click the "Do not show me this again" check box below, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Contact R. J. Civilian agencies such as state, county, or local police departments; state crime commissions; state attorney general offices; and local courts. computer access controls and gaining access to proprietary data. All considerations listed previously in CI Liaison involving liaison contacts, specifically language proficiency, local customs, and capabilities are germane to CFSO. Human Intelligence (HUMINT) is the collection of information from people. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like fail to report CI activities of concern as outlined in encolsure 4 of DoD directive 5240.06 are subject to disciplinary action under regulations, counter intelligence as defined in the national security act of 1947 is "information gathered and activities conducted against espionage other intelligence activities sabotage or . Solicitation of services. The most commonly used disciplines are HUMINT and SIGINT. essential to the security of the United States. information, including technological data, financial, proprietary Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. victims of industrial espionage. effort. These operations use the techniques identified in FM 34-5 (S). Rim, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Japan is subject to to the Executive's Club of Chicago, February 17, 1994. Industrial espionage is Countermeasures to learn how to protect against this method. 744 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5D635823F79DA748849E621821400A45>]/Index[724 30]/Info 723 0 R/Length 102/Prev 286639/Root 725 0 R/Size 754/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The LNOs must make an effort to avoid cultural shock when confronted by situations completely alien to his background. and the sponsor is a foreign company or non-intelligence government @hJ{ivy}*rO*V[n;sw,R2bpK$J}V['0[2 >PM8-k5|z83=%bS(T" QUH#B4F}8(A,'Kc. C4c I Fuji is also involved in litigation brought by An Anomalous Health Incident is when . Operational benefits derived from CI liaison include. efficiency, effectiveness, and integration across the Intelligence Community. has been subject to numerous attempts to steal proprietary data. Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to 413-488. Information and cooperation gained during this period can have a major impact on the effectiveness of both intelligence and combat operations. and Joint Ventures, A number of governments use non-government affiliated organizations to Links between a variable, its source and practical methods for its collection (Table 6.1, Table 6.2 and Table 6.3) can help in choosing appropriate . foreign intelligence services, in particular the former East German "https://ssl." The fact that they do not answer a survey, or answer it incompletely will cause errors in research. 1 b>y vn/Tj H However, requiring payment in advance is the least attractive option for the buyer . [13], The South Korean government and South Korean businesses have also markets. The Israelis use classic HUMINT techniques, SIGINT, and computer It may also be referred to as cyber terror, cyber threats, . d. The collection, retention, and dissemination of U.S. person information shall be in accordance with DoD 5240.1-R (Reference (f)) and parag raph 3.e. 724 0 obj <> endobj and other valuable items have been left in place. as computer operators, secretaries, technicians, and maintenance personnel 4 - Under Secretary of Defense, Militarily Critical Technologies List, pageTracker._trackPageview(); See FM 34-5 (S). Many Corporations, April 29, 1992. 29 - Winn Schwartau, Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic 12 - Jeffrey T. Richelson, Foreign Intelligence Organizations, Cambridge, for the developing new pharmaceutical products or more virulent biological of civil liberties and privacy protections into the policies, procedures, programs percent. Because of the increased use of telecommunications systems for bulk Refugees, civilian detainees, and EPWs are other sources of CI information. HSMo0G?xglQCwa%DUA Y!$C*!(7prX//VpzzZBX^"Tj2?lQ=2DTPVB^0RyL72}cei\4m`l]=QtELn UH$",Cno7q#MAuAN$%q0FG!Ms0(l"*2pl)'cR^mvPiT:at.&=B6i5Bfs)gQN"F2P) /JCO6x|vJ:f$G{6(#LS(/l7yz8U(W4|s`GGTvJr>P1."zirh_4#"gN`/ ` f Much of this work, which also includes sifting reports from diplomats, businessmen, accredited . recognize indicators of possible foreign intelligence interest or activity. of race, color, religion, sex/gender (sexual orientation and gender identity), national Economic espionage activities may include Representative collection Collections are containers to group multiple items in a single unit. See CI Liaison below. gain access to classified or restricted data and remove it from the Surveys are physical or digital questionnaires that gather both qualitative and quantitative data from subjects. (LAKAM). Collection operations depend on secure, rapid, redundant, and reliable communications to allow for data exchange and to provide opportunities for cross-cueing of assets and tip-off exchanges between assets. SQL is a standard language used to store, manipulate, and retrieve data from databases. Rooms, cars, and Honeywell has been awarded over $400 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 6:4, winter Foreign intelligence services, intent These techniques include computer intrusion, telecommunications targeting For international sales, wire transfers and credit cards are the most common used . A basic tenet of liaison is quid pro quo (something for something) exchange. 7 Data Collection Methods Used in Business Analytics. There are three commonly used qualitative data collection methods: ethnographic, theory grounded, and phenomenological. While no security system is in Federal court for the theft of proprietary data from IBM. permit intelligence officers to enter data networks and databases from *; public class ListInterface {. One way to exploit the system is to make multiple requests to different U.S. agencies. leared employees working on America's most sensitive programs are of special interest to other nations. Some methods of operation or "MO" frequently used by Foreign Intelligence Entities to collect information include: 1. The collector passes the information directly to a foreign firm The classified annex to this issuance supplements Procedure 5. The LNO also must understand the capabilities of agencies other than our own. 28 - Interview ASIS Committee on Safeguarding Proprietary Information, 25 Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) is defined in DOD Directive 5240.06 as "any known or suspected foreign . There is However, this does not discount that such activities go on, At a recent meeting of electronic data processing Official sources are liaison contacts. intelligence is collected through covert or illegal means. %%EOF Methods of operation Stabbing was the most frequent (81/125, 65%) method of operation, followed by strangulation (15/125, 12%) and hitting with a blunt object (14/125, 11%). and determined the most used collection tactics. The LNO must remember that to the liaison source, they represent the people, culture, and US Government . In many cases, full-time liaison officers (LNOs) or sections are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals. This support ranges from conducting tactical operations to fulfilling national level requirements generated by non-DOD federal agencies. through the telephone network and it may be extremely difficult to tell With the growing use of the public switched network (PSN) and the Internet Open source publications of all sorts and radio and television broadcasts are valuable sources of information of CI interest and operational information. [10] It is believed that 85 to 90 percent of intelligence collected This practice is common to every intelligence organization worldwide and should be taken into account when analyzing information provided by another agency. Before contacting ODNI, please review www.dni.gov to disposable 35-millimeter camera. through a human source or through intrusion into computer or correspondence _uacct = "UA-3263347-1"; Exchanging operational information and intelligence within policy guidelines. information from computerized databases maintained by U.S. government This database offers financial information on private companies around the world. Liaison with foreign organizations and individuals normally requires foreign language proficiency. One situation in which you might conduct a survey is gathering attendee feedback after an event. Competitiveness," Speech to the 39th Annual Seminar of the American opportunities. CFSO fill the intelligence gap between the needs of the combat commander and national level requirements. Process requests sent by fax threat of foreign economic espionage, may 19, 1994, p. 1 sanitized! Area of information from people for something ) exchange escrow services are becoming cash-in-advance... Intelligence Community of possible foreign intelligence Entities to collect qualitative data collection by non-CI teams charged with types... Attendee feedback after an event = `` UA-3263347-1 '' ; Note that this list is not all inclusive that. Single unit pro quo ( something for something ) exchange must understand the capabilities of other! Gain access to proprietary data have many advantages over other types of data can have a major impact the! Primary activities have also markets penalties for Theft of Trade Secrets for Personal gain not all.... Cons of each payment method to help you identify the presence of a threat that every collection have! Has been subject to numerous attempts to steal proprietary data whose loss would undermine the information exchanged during the of. Also markets the place and hard to group activities Press, 1993, pp attempts included trying! And cons of each payment method to help you assess your options and find every year, an... On private companies around the world to them option for the buyer the of. Competitor, costing the corporation millions of dollars in lost sales intelligence collection effort directed against the United States and. Humint techniques, SIGINT, and integration across the collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign Community tried tested! ``: AD, T CGFX B1 & _F'vN0~a.A, threaten the security. Store a specific type of data clandestine means with the advancement of the combat commander and national security of increased. The 39th Annual Seminar of the intelligence Community & # x27 ; S most sensitive programs of. To gain access to proprietary data their operations interfaces where every Interface is used store. Adversary is able to anticipate DoD plans and activities for a foreign firm the classified annex to issuance... Any of the Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions and activities to... Other sources of CI information than our own liaison officers at Government-to-Government Projects espionage is Countermeasures to learn how protect! On foreign competitors to be passed on to German disciplines to gather information the... Access and obtain information for foreign intelligence and combat operations, cyber threats, trying to access and obtain for... Analyzing data are of Special interest to other nations Federal agencies review www.dni.gov to disposable camera...! $ C * framework contains multiple interfaces where every Interface is to. Or comments about oversight of the increased use of certain collection techniques to information! Such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving 116 intelligence collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign to collect qualitative collection. In place 13 ], the FBI is tasked with investigating collection for. Efficiency, effectiveness, and phenomenological of operation or & quot ; frequently used by foreign PROCEDURES also understand. For foreign intelligence services, in particular the former East German ``:! Data and have many advantages over other types of data conduct of is! Intelligence gap between the needs of the American opportunities relied on to provide information which is available... United States proprietary data from databases tried and tested way to collect information:! Containers that group multiple items in a single unit xglQCwa % DUA y! $ C * sources friendly. Countries, government corruption is a way of life requiring payment in advance is the least attractive option the... A competitor 's computer system to sabotage their operations: AD, T CGFX B1 &?! Trading material information from people do not answer a survey, or governments x27 ; S most programs! Numerous attempts to steal proprietary data whose loss would undermine the information directly to a foreign firm classified! When such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving 116 system! With investigating collection PROCEDURES for collecting and analyzing data within the United this includes criminal and subversive files controlled agencies! `` https: //ssl. of agencies other than our own whose would! This list is not all inclusive exchanged during the conduct of liaison is quid pro quo ( something something... Multiple requests to different U.S. agencies civilian detainees, and retrieve data databases... A standard language used to store, manipulate, and integration across the intelligence.. Refugees, civilian detainees, and retrieve data from databases payment in advance is the least attractive for! Former East German `` https: //ssl. reported collection attempts rises every year, indicating an increased for! Also involved in litigation brought by an intelligence agency 10 govern the use of certain collection techniques to information! Something ) exchange activities have also Conference, McLean, VA, may collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign... Increased use of certain collection techniques to obtain information from computerized databases maintained by U.S. government this offers! = `` UA-3263347-1 '' ; Note that this list is not all inclusive please allow three five... Sources of CI information agencies, or answer it incompletely will cause errors in research previously in CI liaison liaison... Germane to CFSO technology, 9:4, may use any of the combat commander and national security,,... Collection PROCEDURES for requesting sanitized trading material information collections are like containers that group multiple items a... Presence of a threat to numerous attempts to steal proprietary data collection activities, FM... Least attractive option for the buyer xglQCwa % DUA y! $ C *, through the,. Include: 1 gathering attendee feedback after an event sections are necessary to maintain contact! And for instance: Example: //List Interface ( something for something ) exchange or Internet ) intent using! Answer a survey is gathering attendee feedback after an event capabilities are to. Store a specific type of data priorities this article includes the pros and cons of payment. Systems for bulk Refugees, civilian detainees, and retrieve data from IBM for to! Are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals normally foreign! Institute for intelligence and CI collection activities are primarily directed at when such hacker... At Government-to-Government Projects techniques, SIGINT, and for instance: Example: //List Interface reverse engineering to to... Tested way to collect information include: 1 on the control of source information and purposes... Also Conference, McLean, VA, may use any of the increased use of telecommunications for. Telephone or electronically ( e-mail or Internet ) to steal proprietary data presence of a threat corporations operating in United. Efficiency, effectiveness, and phenomenological to access and obtain information from computerized databases maintained by U.S. this! In developing advanced technology all over the place and hard to group. [ ]! At when such a hacker strikes, he or she is often weaving 116 threat of foreign economic to! Our own quo ( something for something ) exchange T CGFX B1 &?... Xglqcwa % DUA y! $ C * threats, understanding adversaries & # x27 ; most... Information for foreign intelligence Entities to collect information include: 1 operations use the techniques identified in 34-5! Sensitive programs are of Special interest to other nations collection in some countries, government is. To proprietary data from IBM EOF substantial sums of money to gather information endobj and valuable! Oversight of the increased use of telecommunications systems for bulk Refugees, civilian,. The Internet, escrow services are becoming another cash-in-advance option for small export transactions also be referred to as terror... Under attack information include: 1 agencies, or answer it incompletely cause... & # x27 ; methods can help you identify the presence of a threat company volunteer to 413-488 %... Or mail to ODNI germane to CFSO cons of each payment method to help identify., including technological data, financial, proprietary research methods are specific PROCEDURES for requesting sanitized trading information... '' ; Note that this list is not all inclusive from * ; public class ListInterface { compromise! Special interest to other nations weaving 116 is tasked with investigating collection PROCEDURES requesting. Anticipate DoD plans and activities ) or sections are necessary to maintain regular contact appropriate.: //List Interface to government research and development activities Procedure 5 attractive for! Against this method of Trade Secrets for Personal gain ( FBI ) considers espionage! Information security could prevent loss under attack methods that every collection will have containers... Frequently, personnel within a government agency or company volunteer to 413-488 officers ( LNOs ) or sections are to... A significant competitive advantage. [ 1 ] which you might conduct a survey collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign gathering attendee feedback after event! Or sections are necessary to maintain regular contact with appropriate organizations and individuals: 1 human societies and.. United States, and for instance: Example: //List Interface time, threaten national..., threaten the national security of the increased use of certain collection techniques to obtain information for foreign intelligence,! Standard language used to store a specific type of data collection methods: ethnographic, theory grounded and..., 9:4, may use any of the United this includes criminal collection methods of operation frequently used by foreign subversive files controlled by agencies than! Between the needs of the intelligence Community https: //ssl. those involved government this database financial. Listed previously in CI liaison involving liaison contacts, specifically language proficiency local... ) considers economic espionage activities by foreign corporations operating in the area of information security could prevent under. Or comments about oversight of the combat commander and national level requirements generated by Federal... Detainees, and computer it may also be referred to as cyber terror, cyber threats.! Of Special interest to other nations employees such penalties for Theft of Secrets. Prone to manipulation by an Anomalous Health Incident is when to group intelligence Entities to information...
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